Kind of - kind of Pegas In Car Suspension System

This time I will discuss in detail about the springs used in the suspension systems in the car. The spring is one of the components of the suspension are useful to reduce the shock due to uneven road surfaces. The spring consists of several models or types, namely:

1. Leaf springs
Leaf springs are widely used in vehicles with a carrying capacity is very large, such as trucks, buses, trailers and others - others. Construction leaf spring is composed of 3 to 10 sheets of thin steel plates are arranged with the longest spring located at the top and further down shorter.

In the spring at the top, at the end of spring rolled to resemble eyes. Eyes this spring will be linked to the vehicle frame or frame. Spring leaf from the top to the short put together using spring clip.

Where are all these elliptical leaf springs to add the power of elasticity spring. Advantages of leaf spring construction is solid construction that leaf springs are ideal for commercial vehicle heavy laden. But the leaf spring takes place very much, and no small amount of spring so that the price of manufacture is not cheap.



2. Screw spring (coil spring)
This thread is made of spring steel batanga rolled to resemble screw. Spring screw is more sensitive in receiving a surprise against an uneven road surface, this is due to the construction karean spring screw longer than leaf springs.

Besides the friction will not happen if there is deflection (against spring pressure because the force or load), it makes more convenient screw spring for use on the vehicle's suspension. But construction is not too strong, making this spring is only suitable for use in the car and the front suspension to a car that has a carrying capacity is not too heavy.


3. Torsion bar springs
Spring is widely used in vehicles with a carrying capacity of light. Construction consists of a spring steel rod at both ends attached to the frame and the other end attached to the lower arm (suspension arms).

Unlike the spring screw, construction of the spring is not rolled up like a screw, but construction consisting of a steel rod intact. The way this work is to resist torsion spring when the lower arm moves up or down due to uneven road surfaces.

So this spring has its elasticity to work the way round and played. Spring construction is simple, yet not overpowering, so spring is only suitable for vehicles with light haulage.


4. Air springs (air suspension)
This spring uses power stored in the air bellows. Bellows is what took the place of the leaf springs and coil springs. Where installation of bellows is placed on the mounting screw or spring leaf spring.

The violence of this spring change - change according to the weight of the vehicle, so that when the vehicle is empty or the contents of the style remains the same resulting pemegasan her comfortable.

But this spring construction requires a pump to add air into the bellows, so not all vehicles using this type of spring.


5. Hollow spring
The spring is made of rubber which made a hole in the middle. The spring is actually only the completeness of the spring system which has an important function. The function of the spring is to protect the suspension components from damage due to excessive deflection.

Thus the introduction of more details about the components used in the spring vehicle suspension. Hopefully this article can add your insights in identifying your vehicle's suspension.


How Car Suspensions Work
When people think about the performance of the car, they normally think of horsepower, torque and acceleration 0-60. But all the power generated by a piston engine is useless if the driver can not control the car. That's why automobile engineers turned their attention to the suspension system as soon as they have mastered the four-stroke internal combustion engine.

Task car suspension is to maximize the friction between the tires and the road surface, to provide steering stability with good handling and to ensure passenger comfort. In this article, we'll explore how car suspensions work, how they have evolved over the years and where the suspension design headed in the future.

If the perfectly flat, with no irregularities, suspensions would not be necessary. But the road away from the flat. Even freshly paved highways have subtle imperfections that can interact with the wheels. It's these imperfections that apply forces to the wheels.

According to Newton's laws of motion, all forces have both magnitude and direction. A bump in the road causes the wheel to move up and down perpendicular to the road surface. The amount, of course, depends on whether the giant wheel striking a bump or a tiny speck. Either way, the wheels of the car had a vertical acceleration as it passes through imperfection.


Without the intervention of the structure, all the energy is transferred to the frame vertical wheel, which moves in the same direction. In such a situation, the wheels can lose contact with the road completely. Then, under the downward force of gravity, the wheels can slam back into the road surface.

All you need is a system that will absorb the energy of vertically accelerated wheel, allowing the frame and body to ride undisturbed while the wheels follow bumps in the road.

The study of the forces acting on a moving car is called vehicle dynamics, and you need to understand some of these concepts in order to appreciate why the suspension is necessary in the first place.

Most automobile engineers consider the dynamics of a moving car from two perspectives:

• Ride - a car's ability to smooth out a bumpy road 
• Handling - a car's ability to safely accelerate, brake and corner

Both of these characteristics can be explained in three important principles - road isolation, road holding and cornering. The table below illustrates these principles and how engineers are trying to solve the challenges that are unique to each.Isolation Road Vehicle's ability to absorb or isolate road shock from the passenger compartment of vehicles Allow your body to ride undisturbed while traveling over rough roads. Absorb the energy from road bumps and disappears without causing excessive oscillations in the vehicle.
Road Holding The extent to which the car maintains contact with the road surface in various types of directional changes and in a straight line (Example: The weight of the car will switch from the rear tires to the front tires during braking. Due nose of the car dips towards the road, the type of movement is known as "diving. "opposite effect" squat "during acceleration, shifting the weight of the car from the front tires to the back.)
Keeping the tires in contact with the ground, because it is the friction between the tires and the road that affect the ability of the vehicle to steer, brake and accelerate. Minimize vehicle weight transfer from side to side and front to back, as this reduces the weight transfer on the tire grip

Cornering ability of a vehicle to travel a curved path Minimize body roll, which occurs due to the centrifugal force pushes out on the car's center of gravity when cornering, lifting one side of the vehicle and lower the opposite. Transfer the weight of the car during cornering of the vehicle to the side of the high-lowA car suspension, with various components, providing all the solutions described.Let's look at the parts of a typical suspension, working from the bigger picture of the chassis to the individual components that make up the suspension right.The suspension of the car is actually part of the chassis, which consists of all the important systems located beneath the car body.
 On the chassis of this system include:

• Frame - structural, load-carrying components that supports the engine and the body, which in turn is supported by suspension 
• The suspension system - setup that supports weight, absorbs and dampens shock and helps maintain tire contact
• The steering system - a mechanism that allows the driver to guide and direct the vehicle
• The tires and wheels - components that make vehicle motion possible by the handle and / or friction with the road

So the suspension is just one of the major systems in each vehicle.With a big picture overview in mind, it's time to look at the three fundamental components of any suspension: springs, dampers and anti-sway bar.SpringsThe system is currently flourishing based on one of four basic designs:

• Coil springs - This is the most common type and spring, in essence, a heavy duty roll torsion bar around an axis. A compression spring and expand to absorb the motion wheels.

Leaf spring

• Leaf springs - this type of spring consisting of several layers of metal (called "leaves") are bound together to act as one unit. The leaves were first used on horse-drawn carriage and found on most American cars until 1985. They are still used today on most trucks and heavy duty vehicles. 

• Torsion bars - Torsion bar using the properties of the twisting steel bar to provide coil-spring-like performance. This is how they work: One end of the bar is anchored to the vehicle frame. The other end is attached to a wishbone, which acts as a lever that moves perpendicular to the torsion bar.

When the wheel hits a bump, vertical motion is transferred to the wishbone and then, through the actionLevering, the torsion bar. Torsion bar then twists along its axis to provide the spring force. European carmakers used this system extensively, as well as Packard and Chrysler in the United States, through the 1950's and 1960's.Torsion bar

• Air springs - Air springs, which consisted of a cylinder of air positioned between the wheel and the car body, use compressed air quality shock absorbing wheels. The concept is actually more than a century old and can be found in a horse drawn carriage. Water springs from this era are made of air-filled, leather diaphragms, more like bellows, they were replaced with molded-rubber air springs in the 1930's.

Air springs Based on where the spring is located in the car - that is, between the wheels and the frame - engineers often find it convenient to discuss sprung mass and unsprung mass.Springs: Sprung and unsprung massSprung mass vehicle mass supported on springs, while the unsprung mass of loosely defined as the mass between the road and the suspension springs. Spring stiffness affects how the sprung mass response when the car is being driven.Loosely sprung cars, such as luxury cars (think Lincoln Town Car), can swallow bumps and gives a super smooth, however, as the car tends to dive and squat during acceleration and braking, and tend to sway or body roll during cornering.
Tightly sprung cars, such as sports cars (think Mazda Miata), less forgiving on bumpy roads, but they minimize body movement well, which means they can be driven aggressively, even around corners.
So, while the spring itself looks like a simple tool, to design and implement them on a car to balance passenger comfort with handling is a complicated task. And to make things more complex, spring water alone can not provide a perfectly smooth. Why? Due to the large springs to absorb the energy, but not so good it disappeared. Other structures, known as dampers, are required to do this.